What works in environmental advocacy?

There is little systematized knowledge on whether, and under which conditions, environmental advocacy campaigns are effective in helping balance human wellbeing with environmental goals. This review therefore systematically considers available evidence on the effectiveness of environmental advocacy, focusing particularly on anti-deforestation advocacy. A light-touch systematic review of published scholarly and grey literature was undertaken with the following inclusion criteria: publisher credibility, method credibility, and closeness to the questions and topics of interest. 28 studies were considered directly relevant to the focus on environmental advocacy effectiveness, while 54 studies were of borderline relevance. Most borderline studies did not directly focus on environmental advocacy effectiveness, but included insights on other topics (e.g., the effectiveness of state- or firm-led anti-deforestation interventions) that could hold relevance for environmental advocacy.